A identificação de metáforas em corpus jornalístico comparável bilíngue: estudo contrastivo espanhol/português

Abstract

The present dissertation proposes an analysis of the evidence of metaphorical instantiation that suggests the presence of underlying conceptual metaphors in phraseological units formed with somatisms, i.e., parts of the human body. To this end, a bilingual journalistic corpus was used, in Brazilian Portuguese and Argentinian Spanish, specifically composed of texts compiled from the opinion and politics sections. The specific purpose is to identify somatisms from the head region and somatic phraseological units present in the corpora, to describe and map the relationships between the domains involved, and to observe and interpret the conceptual metaphors. Finally, the results were organized into a comparable bilingual glossary with somatic phraseological units, in alphabetical order, with their respective meanings. The interpretation of the metaphors extracted from the corpora in Brazilian Portuguese and Argentinian Spanish was performed with the aid of tools from Corpus Linguistics (LC). To carry out this lexical analysis, based on Phraseology and Conceptual Metaphor, the study corpus was initially created, composed of publications from the opinion and politics sections of the Brazilian newspapers Estado de São Paulo and Folha de São Paulo, and the Argentinian newspapers Clarín and Perfil. The analysis tools of the Sketch Engine platform (KILGARRIFF et al., 2014) were used. Firstly, using the WordList function of the Sketch Engine, the most recurrent terms in the corpora that stood out in the group of somatisms were identified. Given the large number of somatisms and Phraseological units, identified, we decided to analyze the lexical collocations and combinations based on the following units: mouth, head, face, nose, eye, and ear, and their corresponding terms in Spanish: boca, cabeza, cara, nariz, ojo, and oreja. For the lexical analyses, the following dictionaries were consulted in particular: the Diccionario de la lengua española of the REAL ACADEMIA ESPAÑOLA (DRAE, 23rd ed.) and the Diccionario de Uso del Español (MOLINER, 2008) in Spanish, the Dicionário de Locuções e Expressões da Língua Portuguesa (ROCHA; ROCHA, 2011) and the Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa (HOUAISS et al., 2009) in Brazilian Portuguese, in addition to the dictionaries Diccionario del Español Actual (SECO; ANDRÉS; RAMOS, 1999), Diccionario fraseológico del habla argentina: frases, dichos y locuciones (BARCIA; PAUER, 2010) and the Dicionário Brasileiro de Fraseologia (SILVA, 2013). For the analyses, we relied on the theory of Conceptual Metaphor (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004, 2009), and the Manual de Fraseología Española by Corpas Pastor (1996). The results obtained indicated that the analysis of lemmatized lexical units was sufficient to corroborate the evidence of metaphorization in Brazilian and Argentinian newspapers, highlighting the frequency of metaphorical expressions used to facilitate the understanding of news related to opinion and politics.