Tecnologias de fertilizantes organominerais, fontes orgânicas e biopolímero

Abstract

The high demand for organic sources in the fertilizer industries, has provided the search for alternatives and technologies. New technologies such as organomineral and organic fertilizers and fertilizers with biopolymers have increased the efficiency in the availability of nutrients to plants, reducing their losses and promoting better agronomic performance. Based on these premises, the objective of this study, in a greenhouse and field, was to evaluate the residual effect and the efficiency of organic fertilizers, organominerals and fertilizers with the addition of biopolymers in relation to conventional mineral fertilizers. For that, two experiments were carried out, the first, aiming to evaluate the residual of fertilizers in pots and the second in the field, aiming to evaluate organomineral fertilizer associated with a biopolymer. The first experiment was composed by the evaluation of the agronomic efficiency of the organomineral fertilizers (OM) mash (filter pie and biochar), its mixture with humic substances (AH) and the comparison of these with the fertilization with conventional mineral fertilizer, using the of corn as extractor. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 7x4+1 factorial scheme, with four replications per treatment, totaling 116 experimental plots. The first factor was the seven different sources of fertilizers: organic compost filter cake, organic biochar compost, OM based on filter cake, OM based on biochar, OM based on filter cake + HA, OM based on biochar + AH and conventional mineral. The second factor was the different nitrogen rates: 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1. Finally, an absolute witness without fertilizers. In general, the treatments composed of Biochar and Filter Pie were the ones that obtained the best residual effect index for nutrients in the soil. In the evaluation of the addition of the biopolymer, the experimental design was in a randomized block design, with 6 treatments, being the organomineral formulated 06-14-12+3%S associated with the biopolymer at doses 0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2 kg t-1, with four replications, totaling 24 experimental plots. The organic fertilizer 06-14-12+3%S associated with a dose of 1.0 kg tn-1 provided better responses in root size, stem diameter, N accumulated in leaves, P accumulated in leaves, K accumulated in leaves, fresh and dry mass shoots and productivity.