Escola pública no interior de Minas Gerais: a gênese do Ginásio Estadual de Ituiutaba (1966-1974)

Abstract

This study presented here is linked to the line of research "History and Historiography of Education" of the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU). The master's thesis presents a historical-educational research on the genesis and developments of the Governador Israel Pinheiro State School, established in 1966, the time frame starts from 1966 to 1974, which comprises its genesis until its name change to Governador Israel State School Pine. The research aimed to build a historical understanding of the relationship between education and society in the 1960s and 1970s, taking into account social processes such as rural-city migration and urban social stratification. The problematic studied started from the questions, did the State Gymnasium of Ituiutaba appear to offer institutionalized schooling in the city, in the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, as public education? In what political-economic and socio-cultural context did the creation and implementation of the Gym take place? The problematization contained in these inquiries outlines, then, the contours of the object of study proposed for the Master's research: the genesis, installation and functioning of the Colégio Estadual de Ituiutaba in the context of rural-city migration and in view of the formation of a local working class. The systematic understanding of this investigation object, with such questioning contours, presumes to fulfill the following research objectives. The research used dialectical historical materialism as a method to analyze articulations, relationships, tensions and contradictions in the history of school institutions. A school that served junior high school students, working three shifts, a public school in the municipality of Ituiutaba. Historical sources included legislation, newspaper texts, institution's bylaws, student bulletins, school transcripts, requirements and institution's minutes. For the construction of the history of the State Gymnasium of Ituiutaba, the theoretical foundation of the investigation is based on authors from the field of History and Historiography of Education, among which we highlight Lombardi (2005), Buffa (2005), Araujo (2005), among others. Thus, bibliographical and documentary research was used. The results obtained in the research showed that the school, apparently, was created by the tireless claims of workers, represented by Workers' Associations and Unions, from different sectors. It was found that, in possession of a place for their child at the Gym, the parents encountered some challenges, such as the entrance exam, which to enter the Gymnasium course they should take, evaluating their knowledge and proving their aptitude. Another fact that was concluded in the study is due to the collection of the contribution to the school, calculated based on the program that stipulated the minimum wage, all of this, at the time of enrollment. It was also concluded that the school demanded a lot of responsibility, both from parents and students, especially in relation to moral and ethical values, their permanence depended on them adapting to the disciplines and pedagogical requirements for quality teaching, the which made the school institution more disputed by Ituiutaban society and also by the region. The research contributed to a better understanding of the investigated institution, as well as to the advancement of knowledge in the field of History of Education.