Estudo sobre procedimentos radioterápicos em pacientes pediátricos - Uma revisão bibliográfica das doses de radiação e efeitos tardios advindos da radioterapia

Abstract

Radiotherapy is one of the highly effective medical modalities in cancer control and may be used as a curative or palliative treatment. In radiotherapy treatment, the use of ionizing radiation is used to destroy or prevent the proliferation of cancer cells, however, healthy cells are still affected by ionizing radiation, thus generating several late toxicities arising from the use of ionizing radiation. Bearing in mind the fact that children are more sensitive to radiation than adults, it is necessary for professionals to be as objective as possible in maximizing the dose in compromised cells and minimizing the dose in normal cells. Bearing in mind the importance of the correct administration of doses in radiotherapy treatments for pediatric patients, this course conclusion work brings a bibliographic review of the doses applied in children and adolescents and an analysis of the late effects induced by ionizing radiation. Thus, for the study, searches were carried out on online platforms in order to collect papers and works related to the subject and carry out book report of articles. The most relevant data from the selected studies were extracted and listed in tables to compare information from different authors, as well as a list of reported late effects. From the analyzes and studies carried out in the form of a review, it was found that late toxicities increase in severity as the dose increases, however, the type of cancer, the irradiated site and the choice of radiotherapy technique applied in the treatment are also correlated with the types and severities of late adverse events in pediatric patients undergoing radiotherapy.