Revisão bibliográfica de medidas mitigatórias de atropelamento de animais empregadas na malha viária brasileira.

Abstract

Highways change animal behavior and interfere with their survival. Every year, it is estimated that 475 million wild vertebrate animals are roadkilled on highways and railways in all brazilian biomes. Road ecology is an applied branch that aims to study the connection between the implementation of road infrastructure (highways, railways and waterways) and its maintenance with biodiversity. The growing expansion of these transport routes has negative impacts on biodiversity, such as wild fauna roadkill, landscape fragmentation, habitat degradation and dissemination of exotic species. Some mitigation actions were created and implemented on road infrastructures in order to reduce the frequency of collisions between vehicles and animals, for example trenches for fauna passage. This study aimed to do a data survey on the Sistema Urubu platform in order to determine the regions of Brazil with the highest rates of mammals being run over and a literature review on mitigation measures against roadkills used on brazilian highways and also cited by authors of selected articles. The regions of Brazil with the highest rates of mammals being run over were, in a decreasing way, southeast, south, midwest, northeast and north. The survey for the bibliographic review resulted in 12 articles. The brazilian biodiversity is one of the most affected by mortality due to roadkills. The use of mitigation measures to reduce road impacts on fauna is recent in Brazil and still lacks studies for a better planning and execution in order to not compromise their effectiveness.