Fatores associados ao risco para apneia obstrutiva do sono na fase aguda do infarto do miocárdio

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, leading to worsening endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation, and is associated with shorter long-term survival and unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Objective: To verify the factors associated with risk for obstructive sleep apnea in STEMI. Methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 145 individuals with STEMI in a large Brazilian teaching hospital. Anthropometric measurements were performed, in addition to collecting sociodemographic/clinical data and lifestyle habits. The STOP-BANG questionnaire was used to determine the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. The results were evaluated using bivariate statistical analysis and logistic regression. Results: The mean age of participants was 62.09±12.14 years, with a prevalence of male (71%), white (57.2%), and high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (58.6%). Moderate/high risk for obstructive sleep apnea was associated with males, those with hypertension, and those with dyslipidemia. The variables sex (HR= 6.13) and hypertension (HR= 4.31) influenced the occurrence of risk for obstructive sleep apnea after acute myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Hypertension and male gender were significant factors for moderate/high risk of OSA in infarcted patients.