A geografia da violação dos direitos humanos no Brasil: uma contextualização da vitimização de crianças e adolescentes

Abstract

Human dignity is achieved when human rights are effected. The violation of these rights results in the perpetuation of social inequalities and injustices. The present work seeks to understand the geography of Human Rights (HR) violations in Brazil with attention to the victimization of children and adolescents, but also of the segments of the population with the highest numbers of victims through the analysis of historical background, legal instruments and data related to the topic. Provides scientific subsidies for the strengthening, adequacy and implementation of public policies for the guarantee and promotion of HD. The following methodological procedures were adopted, among others: a) bibliographic research in specific literature of Geography and related sciences; b) research in the Capes catalog of theses and dissertations – 1987 to 2019; c) survey of national and international organizations for the defense of human rights; d) research in databases and reports from government and civil society organizations; e) tabulation of collected information; f) elaboration of cartographic material. The following results stand out: 1) finding of low treatment of the HD theme by Geography; despite the epistemological commitment of Geography with issues inherent to the human condition in space and its rights, materialized by different geographers; 2) presentation of data referring to seventeen segments of the population with violated rights in the country, among which: the victims with the highest rates of violated rights being children and adolescents, the black population and women; 3) identification of the places with the highest incidence of violence – the residence of the victims – and the main aggressors – family members, people they live with and the State; 4) low resolution of complaints of violation of HR; 5) verification of significant improvements in the guarantee of HR in the country since the 1988 Constitution and the increase in violations in recent years due to neoliberal policies and the rise of extreme right-wing ideologies. Among the conclusions, the importance of overcoming structural racism, institutionalized in the country, gender violence and the priority of attention for children and adolescents is highlighted, in order to, in this way, interrupt the cycle of violence, which started mainly in this group age, with unfold of throughout life and with intergenerational consequences.