Educação ambiental nas aulas de ciências da natureza na modalidade EJA: enfoque no uso doméstico de produtos químicos e o impacto ambiental

Abstract

The impacts generated by the acquisition, handling and waste of toxic substances have generated, throughout the history of Brazil, a series of accidents that could have been avoided. It is important that the public basic education system be one of the actors in promoting safety education in general, especially in the domestic environment. Only knowledge of the hazards and preventive ways of handling these products can ensure that people do not misuse chemical components that are harmful to all beings in the environment. It is in this context that the problem of this study arises: through the relationship that is delineated between disinformation and the handling of chemical products, how the classes of Natural Sciences, with a view to an approach on toxicity and environmental education, can be developed and how this impact on the environmental perception of EJA students? To answer this research problem, it is proposed as a general objective to diagnose the habits related to the consumption and disposal of chemical products of the students of the Youth and Adult Education modality, in a municipal school, in Governador Newton Bello, state of Maranhao. As specific objectives, it is proposed: a) to analyze how this theme has been approached in the programmatic contents of Natural Sciences; b) investigate the existence of current municipal legislation, which regulates the use and disposal of toxic materials; c) to analyze the approach of environmental education concepts in Natural Sciences in the EJA modality related to the use and disposal of chemical products in the domestic environment and d) to diagnose the environmental perception about the use and disposal of toxic products by the students of the third and fourth stages of the EJA modality, confronting the students' experiences and knowledge with the political-pedagogical reality of the Natural Sciences curricular component. Through the selection of two qualitative methodologies, data/results were obtained that led to different discussions. In the first study, a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review were carried out in journals, and in the second study, a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study was used. In the first analysis, all the works selected for systematic and bibliometric review exposed efficient pedagogical practices in their propositions. However, there is a scarce source of studies aimed at the EJA public, especially in the series that correspond to elementary school. In the second study, even though there were no recurrent cases of intoxication among the students surveyed (17%, N = 6), or at least reported, the fact that there is no sanitary sewage in the municipality is one of the most predominant factors for the resulting environmental impact. of that reality.