Avaliação eletromiográfica da musculatura mastigatória e da coluna cervical com o uso de placa oclusal: relato de caso

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders can be a cause or a consequence of craniocervical humeral muscle fatigue. An occlusal imbalance that results in a change in the position of the mandible can induce cervical-humeral postural decompensation and vice versa. Treatment with occlusal splints aims to provide deprogramming of a harmful postural habit and allow harmony in the osteoarticular and musculoskeletal system. The present study aimed to evaluate the electrical activity of masticatory and cervical muscles and their interrelation in the stabilization of the craniocervicohumeral chain using the occlusal splint, through electromyographic evaluation. This is a case report, with a female patient, 39 years old, complaining of pain in the head and face, when chewing, in the neck region, with impairment in her daily activities. He reported clenching his teeth during the day and night. He practices physical exercise 5 to 6 times a week and is a very anxious and nervous person (SIC). She underwent treatment with an interocclusal stabilizing device for 24 hours. The electromyographic examination was performed on the masseter and trapezius muscles, bilaterally, before installing the device and after the days of continuous use. Data collection was carried out in two distinct stages: before installing the plate and 90 days after the intervention. The analysis of the electromyographic signal was through the root means square (RMS), which represents the amplitude of the electromyographic signal in voluntary muscle contractions. After treatment time, a reduction in the behavior of night and day clenching of the teeth, reduction of the previously visible nodule in the suprascapular region and better muscular performance during the practice of physical activity were reported. In the analysis of the data, it is noted that after the use of the occlusal splint, a satisfactory result was obtained with improvement of muscle pain due to the very objective that the interocclusal device has to provoke muscle deprogramming of a harmful behavioral act and allow the jaw to be guided to the most favorable position with harmony in the osteoarticular and musculoskeletal systems.