Hanseníase e vulnerabilidade social em Barra do Garças - MT

Abstract

Leprosy, as well as Health-Related Events, are related to the forms of occupation and transformation of space and the way of life in which the population lives. Brazil concentrates immense poverty on the outskirts of cities, where the lack or inadequate infrastructure of basic sanitation and low supply of public services configure a context of social vulnerability, which represents a precarious living condition, with no paving of public roads, electricity, public transport and difficult access to health services. This low quality of life directly impacts the health of the population and creates opportunities for the occurrence of diseases, commonly called diseases of poverty, such as leprosy. The objective of this research was to analyze the epidemiological dynamics of leprosy in Barra do Garças-MT, at of the microregion Garças/Araguaia and its relationship with the social vulnerability of the population. The research methodology included a literature review on the topic in scientific journals found on digital portals and documents on official websites. Secondary data obtained from the outpatient care records of the Health Reference Center/CECAP/Municipal Health Department of Barra do Garças - MT were used. Data from SINAN - Information System for Notifiable Diseases and from the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System/DATASUS were also used. Data were organized in an electronic spreadsheet environment for statistical modeling, obtaining sums, average, coefficients and rates with subsequent generation of tables, maps, charts and graphs. In a Geographic Information System environment, maps were drawn up. During the period investigated, 4,142 cases of leprosy were reported, with Barra do Garças being the municipality in the Garças/Araguaia microregion that reported the most, 3,473 cases, followed by Nova Xavantina and Campinápolis, which reported 616 and 350 cases of leprosy, respectively. There was a predominance of cases affecting females, with 1,707 (54%). The coefficient of detection of new cases in individuals under 15 years of age was analyzed during the research period (1970 – 2020), The municipality of Barra do Garças was classified as Hyperendemic, with the highest concentration of cases occurring in the Santo Antônio neighborhood, characterized by being an area that concentrates population in a situation of social vulnerability, proving the hypothesis that the persistence of spatial focuses leprosy is related to the social vulnerability of the population. The conclusion is that the National Program for the prevention and control of leprosy, based on surveillance of individual risk, has failed because it can only partially see the issue. Thus, it is necessary to replace the individual risk surveillance model with a surveillance model of the health situation, which can identify not only individual factors, but the context of life in which individuals are inserted, considering the social determination of health. It is evident that to control leprosy in these municipalities, it is necessary to adopt intersectoral actions and social mobilization, with the support of civil society, not only to carry out prevention actions, but also actions for local development and creation of healthy territories, for the better quality of life.