Mulheres trabalhadoras após a maternidade: trabalho e presenteísmo

Abstract

Introduction - The permanence of the sick professional at work can have consequences and consists of presenteeism. As a result of the insertion of women into formal work, linked to domestic tasks, presenteeism affects more women. Motherhood increases its demands for home activities, concomitant with working in the labor market, presenting an important overload. The COVID-19 pandemic, with the indication of social isolation and the increase in Home Office work, increased the exposed situation, presenting weaknesses associated with the health and work capacity of women, mothers and workers. Objectives - To understand presenteeism for working women after the event of motherhood. Research the knowledge produced in the literature about presenteeism in the work of women returning from maternity leave; to present the sociodemographic profile of women-mothers who work as effective federal public servants at the University; to point out the incidence of presenteeism and to analyze the dimensions of the worker's health, after the maternity event, correlating with the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology - The study refers to a quantitative and qualitative research, composed of two stages. Being, the first of an integrative literature review, carried out between November and December 2020 through a search in databases. The second stage was a field research carried out through an online questionnaire answered by federal public servants who took maternity leave from 2014 to 2019. For RIL, the Prisma checklist was used and for the original research, the Prisma checklist was used. Work Limitations Questionnaire, associated with two essay questions that aimed to capture the perspectives of workers regarding physical and mental health during the pandemic. Data analysis from step 1 took place through readings of selected articles, with categorization and discussion. And, the analysis of the quantitative data of the second stage took place in the SPSS program, version 22.0, and the qualitative data through thematic content analysis. Results – In step 1, 9 articles were obtained for analysis, of which 5 were carried out in Brazil, and one in each country: Holland, United Kingdom, United States and Sri Lanka. For better understanding, the following categories were listed: 1) Conditions of women, place of study and characteristics of maternity leave and 2) Presenteeism and the return of maternity leave. In stage 2, however, there was a predominance (54.7%) of technical professionals with a medium level, with a doctorate (43%). The highest presenteeism index (16.54) was presented in the Medium Level Technical servants. In addition, the changes caused in the work dynamics, associated with the fear of the transmission of the coronavirus and the adequacy to services in the Home Office modality during the pandemic, greatly affected physical and mental health, with an increase in the work overload of working mothers. Conclusion - It was possible to understand that presenteeism for the working woman after the event of maternity, unfortunately, is something that is part of the daily work, due to the multiple tasks assumed by them. The literature that addresses this issue is still little explored, requiring further research. In relation to the sociodemographic profile of women-mothers who work as effective federal public servants at the University, a predominance of Middle Level Technical professionals was noticed. And, the presenteeism index, was more accentuated in the technical servants of Medium Level, with a master's degree. In addition, the fact of producing less, associated with the impasses, limitations and the need to adapt the way of life and work resulting from the pandemic, has caused intense problems of a biopsychosocial nature that further impair the work of these women.