Saúde auditiva: caracterização do serviço de referência em triagem auditiva neonatal de Uberlândia-MG

Abstract

Introduction: Hearing is one of the most important senses, being developed since pregnancy. Any type of hearing loss can lead to alterations in language development, educational difficulties, isolation and social stigmatization. The diagnosis of hearing loss must be carried out as early as possible, through the Neonatal Hearing Screening, and must be carried out within the first 30 days of life. In Uberlândia, the NHS is performed at the Reference Service in Neonatal Hearing Screening of the Speech Therapy Sector at the Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (CH-UFU). Objectives: To analyze the profile of the SRTAN, relating the NHS data to the IRDA and to propose improvements to achieve the indicators proposed in the literature. Methodology: This is an analytical and descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected from CH-UFU's SRTAN electronic files between 2015 and 2019, in .xml format and converted to .sav of the PSPP free software license. Results: From 2015 to 2019, 23,794 NHS exams were performed, corresponding to 32.90% of live births in the coverage area. The number of newborns evaluated exceeded that of live births at the CH-UFU, due to screening newborns from other hospitals in Uberlândia and region. There is no linearity in the frequency of the number of exams performed. In 2016, a higher percentage of newborns was seen, with a significant drop in 2018 and 2019 due to damaged OAE equipment. There is a growing increase in newborns absent from assessments in the last two years of the study, which may be associated with the temporary suspension of assessments within the NICU or rooming-in. Of the OAE exams performed, 98% passed, with no discriminated record of laterality. Of the total number of exams performed, 22,308 children were referred for follow-up in the municipality's Primary Care, 427 required a retest within 15 days of the first screening, 213 were referred for diagnosis and 846 were referred for audiological monitoring up to 3 years of age. The median age of NHS was 15 days of life and most were before 30 days of life. The percentage of RIHL found showed a low prevalence, increased by more than 200% in the last two years, possibly due to the updating and standardization of the applied protocol. The itemized registration of IRDA was only carried out in 2018, observing a greater occurrence of prematurity. Due to the lack of standardization in the protocol, there was no record of IRDA in 55 evaluated, in 2018 and 29 in 2019. Conclusion: Although the SRTAN is of paramount importance and accomplishes what was planned, there is a need to standardize and improve results, with investment to avoid the suspension of the Service and delay in diagnosis. It is essential that the protocols suggested in the literature are applied and that diagnosis and intervention take place as early as possible. In addition to standardizing the data collected, it is necessary to analyze the care and procedures in order to provide a solution for the problems detected and guide public policies for the prevention of hearing loss. It is also suggested the elaboration of a single SRTAN data instrument and the creation of an integrated information system that publishes all data referring to NHS in Brazil.