Avaliação dos Profissionais de Enfermagem sobre a Cultura de Segurança e as Manifestações de Segunda Vítima de Evento Adverso

Abstract

Introduction: Health care can result in adverse events that can cause harm to patients, their families and health professionals. Health establishments with a strong safety culture are distinguished by communications based on mutual trust, common perceptions of the importance of safety and trust in the effectiveness of preventive measures. Objectives: to understand the perception of hospital nursing professionals regarding the patient safety culture and the impacts of the phenomenon of the second victim of an adverse event, characterizing the second victim of adverse events, diagnosing the factors related to the occurrence of adverse events and identifying the impacts and influences on worker health arising from the occurrence of the adverse event. Methodology: cross-sectional and explanatory study, with quantitative methods. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire and a second questionnaire were used to characterize the population and its involvement with adverse events. The population consisted of 203 nursing professionals involved in direct care to patients at the Hospital Regional Antônio Dias, Minas Gerais. Results: 60% (n. 119) of professionals reported having been involved in at least 1 adverse event in the last 2 years. Of these, most were with mild damage (47%) and no damage (24%). Anxiety was the most reported manifestation (24%). Three professionals (3%) reported that it was necessary to seek specialized emotional assistance. The average percentage of positive responses for the 42 items that make up the 12 dimensions of the safety culture was 49%. The dimensions with the highest percentages of positive responses were: "organizational learning - continuous improvement" (68%), "teamwork within units" (65%) and "supervisor/boss expectations and actions to promote safety" (64 %). On the other hand, the most fragile dimensions were: "non-punitive responses to errors" (19%), "teamwork between units" (41%), "Change of shift/transfers" (42%), "adequacy of professionals ” (42%) and “general perception of patient safety” (42%). Conclusion: To fully understand the phenomenon of the second victim of an adverse event is essential for a paradigm shift and transformation of reality into healthier work environments. The safety culture of the analyzed hospital was shown to be weakened, with no dimensions of strengthened patient safety culture being identified.