Análise dos hábitos alimentares e estado nutricional em pacientes com obesidade submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica há mais de uma década e meia

Abstract

Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) promotes significant weight loss mainly between 18 and 24 months after surgery, however, the regain of excess weight in the late postoperative period has been considered a problem. Among other factors, eating habits are associated with the return of obesity in individuals undergoing RYGB. Objective: To analyze associations between the regain of excess weight and the frequency of food consumption, and to identify the presence of eating errors in patients after a decade and a half of RYGB. Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional study, with the inclusion of patients undergoing RYGB in a public university hospital, in the period between 1999-2007. Nutritional clinical history, anthropometric data, laboratory tests, and food consumption were assessed by dietary surveys, 24-hour food recall (24-h FR) and 7-day food record (7-d FR). Results: Among the patients included (n=33), there was no correlation (r) between the regain of excess body weight and the frequency of consumption of foods from the cereals, tubers, roots and derivatives groups (r = - 0,053 7-d FR; r = - 0,001 24-h FR); sugars and sweets (r = - 0,009 7-d FR; r = 0,278 24-h FR); oils, fats and oilseeds (r = - 0.045 7-d FR; r = 0.005 24-h FR); milk and dairy products (r = 0.170 7-d FR; r = - 0.056 24-h FR); meat and eggs (r = 0.124 7-d FR; r = 0.125 24-h FR); beans (r = - 0.024 7-d FR; r = 0.086 24-h FR); fruits (r = 0.185 7-d FR; r = 0.117 24-h FR); vegetables (r = 0.059 7-d FR; r = - 0.043 24-h FR), regardless of the food survey used. According to 24-h FR and 7-d FR, in the late postoperative period of RYGB, patients had a higher consumption frequency than the recommendation for foods in the sugar and sweet groups (p < 0.01), and meat and eggs (p < 0.01). It was also demonstrated by 24-h FR and 7-d FR that patients in the late postoperative period of RYGB had a lower consumption frequency than the recommendation for foods from the cereals, tubers, roots and derivatives groups (p < 0.01), milk and dairy products (p < 0.01), and fruits and vegetables (p < 0.01). Discordance between surveys 24-h FR and 7-d FR was identified for the frequency of consumption of beans, and oils, fats and oilseeds. Conclusion: Although no correlation has been demonstrated between the frequency of food consumption and the regain of excess weight, the various dietary errors identified predispose patients to the development / worsening of nutritional deficiencies in the late postoperative period of RYGB. Periodic outpatient follow-up of these patients is essential.