Parâmetros vegetativos, produtivos e nutricionais de cafeeiros em função de sistemas de manejo em Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais

Abstract

Brazil is the main coffee producer in the world, highlighting the state of Minas Gerais, which has the largest planted area and is responsible for 50% of national production. As it is a crop grown on a large scale, there is great pressure from pests and diseases, which makes it necessary to adopt management practices that reduce the application of phytosanitary products and ensure greater sustainability in the production process. Organic management is an alternative that promotes the improvement of the structure, aeration and storage of water in the soil, in addition to reducing temperature variation. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative, productive and nutritional parameters of coffee trees as a function of management systems in the crop. The experiment was installed in January 2018, at Fazenda Araras in the municipality of Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, using the cultivar Catucaí Amarelo 20/15 cv 479. The design consisted of five randomized blocks with four treatments and each plot composed of 20 plants. The experiment had a total of 20 plots and 120 useful plants. The treatments consisted of the following doses of organic compost applied in top dressing: (T1): 150 g plant-1 (1.7 t ha-1); (T2): 300 g plant-1 (3.4 t ha-1); T3: 500 g plant-1 (5.7 t ha-1); and T4 (control: consisted of standard management of the property, with application of phytosanitary products and mineral fertilizers). For treatments T1, T2 and T3 liquid organic fertilizer was applied via sprays at a dose of 3 mL L-1 of water and application via drench at a dose of 3 mL L-1 of water in a 600 mL plant-1 syrup. The vegetative growth parameters (height, crown diameter, stem diameter, number of pairs of primary plagiotropic branches and number of nodes in the primary plagiotropic branch) were evaluated; nutritional (soil and leaf analysis); and productive (maturation analysis, productivity, sieve and sensory analysis). The conventional management provided an increase in the number of internodes in the plagiotropic branch of the coffee tree and in the productivity of the first crop of the crop. The management systems did not influence the shape and size of the coffee beans. The use of organic fertilization and the absence of application of phytosanitary products provided the obtainment of special coffees, in addition to accelerating the fruit maturation process. The management with organic fertilization showed efficiency by keeping the pH and organic matter contents, base saturation, effective CTC, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc in the soil at satisfactory levels. The leaf contents of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron and copper were satisfactory for the crop and did not differ between the management systems adopted in the crop.