Análise dos custos de produção da soja nas principais cidades produtoras do Brasil

Abstract

Soy is the main Brazilian agricultural product, and has a significant importance to the country's economy, participating with a gross production value (GDP) of R$ 155.36 billion. This study sought to identify which variables in the costs of soy production have significant differences in their averages between the main producing cities in Brazil, during the 2007/2008 to 20019/2020 harvests. A quantitative, descriptive and documentary study was carried out with data from Companhia Nacional do Abastecimento (CONAB). For the analyzes, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Scott-Knott test (1974) were used. The results showed that the cost variables with greater representation in the total costs of soy production are fertilizers and pesticides. It was found that variable costs represent about 70% of the total cost, and the cities with the highest variable expenditures were Primavera do Leste (MT) and Sorriso (MT) and the lowest variable costs were evidenced in Campo Mourão (PR). Finally, Rio Verde (GO) had present the lowest total cost of soy production, emphasizing that its favorable conditions, such as demographic, climatic and political economic conditions, favor lower production costs in this city. Still, it was found that soy production costs are statistically different between the cities and the period analyzed. It is expected to contribute with this study to the knowledge of the most relevant costs and to indicate the most economically viable Brazilian regions for the cultivation of soybeans, assisting managers in planning and budgeting. In addition, this research provides information that can direct the promotion of government programs and public policies in the cultivation of soy.