O desenvolvimento integral na obra de L.V. Zankov (1957-1977): um olhar para os princípios e orientações metodológicas

Abstract

The research, of theoretical and bibliographic nature, investigated the didactic principles and methodological orientations proposed by L. V. Zankov, in the period of 1957-1977, and its relation with the students' optimal general development. The study assumes relevance in the area due to the restricted access, in Brazil, to the works and production of L. V. Zankov, as well as to the necessary understanding of the didactic-methodological elements that structure the Zankovian system as a contribution to the Theory of Developmental Obutchénie. The theoretical-bibliographic investigation was carried out in publications by and about the author, in Portuguese, Spanish, English and Russian languages; in the appointed time frame. It was sought to reveal the principles and methods of obutchénie undertaken by L. V. Zankov in relation to the integral development of the students (mind, heart and hands), in the way he defended in his works. The study of the obutchénie and vospitánie proposed in Zankov didactic system, allowed to analyze that its didactic principles prioritize the cognitive development, whereas the methodological system, in some aspects, is closer to the integral development, because it includes the emotional-volitive aspects of the psyche. However, it was concluded that, in most of the Zankovian didactic proposition, there is the submission of the emotional-volitional development to the cognitive development, although it was considered that the Zankov system advances towards the integral development of the subject, as it reveals a constant concern of the relationship between obutchénie and cognitive, volitional and emotional aspects in children's development.