Prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas e fatores de risco associados: revisões sistemáticas da literatura e análise por elementos finitos

Abstract

Non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) is the loss of tooth structure close to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), which is not associated with the presence of microorganisms, with a known prevalence of 5% to 85%. Authors suggest that its formation and progression have a multifactorial etiology, with the combination of friction (attrition and abrasion), biocorrosion and occlusal stress factors. The aim of this study was to gather all available literature to 1) determine the estimated worldwide prevalence of noncarious cervical lesions and 2) to determine the risk factors associated with noncarious cervical lesions, through systematic reviews of the literature. The third objective was to evaluate the relationship between the stress distribution pattern, different occlusal loads and the development of NCCLs, through three-dimensional finite element analysis. The results showed that the worldwide prevalence of non-carious lesions is approximately 46.7%, increasing according to age, being influenced by different geographical locations, different types of populations, different terms and definitions used to refer to the disease, among other aspects. The risk factors considered associated with NCCL were age, frequency of brushing, vigorousness/power of tooth brushing, toothbrush hardness, exposure to intrinsic and extrinsic acids, parafunctional habits, occlusal aspects, among others, making the multifactorial nature of its etiology clear. Finally, among the limitations imposed by a laboratory study, it was found that the pattern of stress distribution in the alveolar bone is not influenced by the presence of non-carious cervical lesions, regardless of the type of occlusal load applied.