Inovações modernizantes e novos requisitos da formação profissional: um estudo de caso na indústria automobilística brasileira

Abstract

Since the 1970s, capitalist economies have been experiencing significant transformations in industrial production processes, characterized by the introduction of new technologies and organizational techniques. Thus, from the study of national and international literature, it becomes evident that such transformations started to demand from the direct worker new requirements and attributes (personal, behavioral and knowledge) to compose the professional qualification. Specifically, in the companies producing auto vehicles installed in Brazil, the process of productive restructuring, based on the toyotista model, deepened during the 90s, as a great repercussion of commercial liberalization, which exposed these companies to international competition, demanding, with this, an increase in the standards of quality, productivity and competitiveness on the part of these. The object of this dissertation is the changes in the requirements of professional qualification due to new forms of organization of production, based on a case study in the Brazilian automobile industry. This dissertation is structured in three chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the configuration of new requirements and new attributes of professional qualification in response to the process of adopting modem innovations. In view of the complexity of the topic, the core of this chapter is to raise some issues related to it and also to point out the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the new attributes of professional qualification, necessary for its analysis and / or evaluation. In chapter 2, we seek to highlight the main technological and organizational changes developed within the scope of the so-called Toyotism. Thus, this chapter refers to the analysis of the Toyotist paradigm and its diffusion in some countries, especially in the United States, since Toyotism has become the greatest paradigmatic reference of much of the modernization of automakers and engine factories worldwide. The last chapter, which concerns the main objective of this dissertation, discusses the spread of Toyotism in the Brazilian automobile and engine production sector during the 1980s and 1990s and its impacts on professional qualification, in the light of multifunctionality concepts, versatility, autonomy and commitment, discussed in the first chapter. The last section of this chapter is reserved for the presentation and analysis of the case study, carried out in a Brazilian engine factory. Final considerations summarize the main points raised and discussed throughout the dissertation.