Análise comparativa de lajes utilizando softwares de cálculo estrutural e a tecnologia BIM

Abstract

In the field of civil engineering, the diversity of materials available on the market is growing every day, along with constant changes in technologies, it is up to the structural engineer to analyze the structure, the construction system, the technology used and the most suitable materials. This work comtemplate the study of the behavior of solid slabs, slabs latticed in one direction and ribbed slabs, using structural calculation programs Eberick and TQS, and an architectural reference model in IFC file to carry out the study on the platform BIM. With the ultimate goal of analyzing the characteristics, structural behaviors, performance and material consumption of each construction system, as well as analyzing and comparing the results obtained in the two programs and the positive and negative aspects of carrying out a structural project with the architecture in IFC file. Initially, the basic concepts necessary for carrying out a structural design in reinforced concrete are presented, the construction systems adopted, the calculation models used, the normative concepts, the computer programs, the design criteria and the pre-dimensioning of the elements. Then, structural models were launched with three types of slabs in Eberick and TQS, incompatibilities were corrected and structures were processed. After processing, a comparative analysis of the distribution of vertical loads, maximum loads on foundations, arrows, vibrations and material consumption was performed. After the analysis, it was concluded that the lattice slabs generated smaller vertical loads and less loads on the foundations, when compared to the other models. In relation to the arrows, the lattice slab with EPS filling was the one that presented the greatest vertical displacements, followed by the ribbed slabs and finally by the solid slabs. It was also observed that the solid slabs showed better behavior in relation to the limit state of vibrations. In the consumption of materials, the most economical slab was the model that contained lattice slabs, followed by ribbed slabs and then solid slabs. When comparing the software, a higher percentage of steel loading and consumption was observed in the Eberick software when compared to the TQS. Finally, the positive aspects of developing the project on the BIM platform were reported, which allowed an immediate visualization of the structure inserted in the architecture, thus allowing the incompatibilities to be more noticeable and for integrated projects to be generated.