Associação entre consumo alimentar e controle glicêmico em pacientes diabéticos tipo 1

Abstract

Objective: To associate food consumption according to nutritional recommendations and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients, and to identify the frequency of ingestion of sweets, soft drinks and other drinks with added sugar. Method: Cross-sectional study with type 1 diabetic patients, over 12 years old, both sexes, attended at the General Endocrinology Clinic at the Hospital de Clínicas of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) and the Municipal Center for Diabetic Care. Socioeconomic, clinical, lifestyle, anthropometric measurements and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) tests were collected. Food consumption was collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The analyzes were performed using SPSS software, version 21. Results: 177 patients were evaluated, 74% (n = 131) older than twenty years and 54,8% (n = 97) male. The median HbA1c was 9.4% and was altered in 91,4% of patients. As for macronutrients, 36,2% and 59,2% consumed amounts of carbohydrates and fibers below the recommendation, and 40,8% and 60,8%, consumed proteins and lipids above the recommended. No significant differences were found between glycemic control and the variables analyzed. The frequency of regular consumption of food from the group of sweets and sugary drinks was higher for coffee (19,2%) and artificial juice (4,5%). Conclusion: In the studied population, there was no association between food consumption and glycemic control, although it presents a high frequency of changes in glycemic control, low consumption of carbohydrates and fibers, high consumption of proteins and fats, in addition to regular intake of foods with added sugar.