Análise histológica da mucosa oral que reveste o parafuso de cobertura de implantes osseointegrados: estudo em humanos

Abstract

Osseointegrated dental implants are inserted in the alveolar bone and, to function as teeth substitutes, the soft tissues have to adapt to them. The same way teeth do, dental implants have to cross the oral mucosa, accessing a contaminated environment in the oral cavity. Considering the contaminated environment, periodontal and peri-implant tissues are important for an establishment of a protective barrier. The present study aimed to morphologically describe the mucosa surrounding cover screws Branemark implanfs. During twelve implant expositions to the oral environment seventeen mucosal specimens were obtained. They were removed with circular scalpel, fixed in 2,5% glutaraldehyde, buffered with 0,1M phosphate, dehydrated and included in glycolmethaciylate. They were sectioned perpendicularly to the mucosal surface, in a thickness of about 3pm, stained with 1% basic fuchsin-toluidine blue and examined under light microscopy. All specimens showed a keratinized stratifíed squamous epithelium with well defíned stratums. In the lamina própria could be observed no ordered dense connective tissue in the reticular layer. Papillary layer presented high connective papillae, constituted of loose connective tissue, with fibroblasts among collagen fibers. The results of tliis study confírm the hypothesis that the mucosa, that hides cover screw’s osseointegrated implants, presents the same morphologic characteristics as alveolar masticatory mucosa.