Pré-vestibular alternativo como território de cidadania: contribuições do Campus Pontal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Abstract

Geography considers Citizenship when it enables a critical formation which enhances an autonomous spatial perception of the subjects in relation to the organization of life in society and the role they play as citizens. Geography that is intended to be thought and understood as useful in the context of the 21st century must consider the multiple concrete realities where the subjects (re)exist. Especially those from the working classes, as well as their territories of life in permanent conflict and exclusion, often lacking opportunities, but permeated by daily struggles for survival. This leads them to have a diffused perception about the world that surrounds them, when it denies them Citizenship all the time. In this context, the category Territory in its different scales of approaches, both materially and socioculturally, has occupied important reflections on the complexity and dynamics presented by modern society. The problem of this research is based on the difficulty that students of the working classes have to enter Higher Education, given that the teaching promoted by the public power has historically demonstrated segregation in favor of an elite, thus evidencing an exclusive education to maintenance of privileges and, consequently, the deepening of inequalities among social classes in the country. This study aimed to analyze the Alternative Pre-university Entrance Examination as a Territory of Citizenship in the critical formation of students and teachers. From this perspective, the following specific objectives were outlined: a) To investigate the Territory concept and the process of citizenship building from the coexistence between teachers and students in the PVA; b) Identify in Popular Education the general aspects that underlie the action of PVA; c) Characterize the Pre-university Entrance Examination; d) Learn from the data collected from students and teachers the contributions of PVA to the formation for Citizenship. Methodologically the research is one of the qualitative exploratory type. Data were collected using questionnaires applied to 80 participants, including: 62 students and 18 teachers working in the Alternative Pre-University Entrance Examination in 2016. The thesis was organized as follows: I) Territory and Citizenship proposed to reflect on the approaches around the concepts over space-time considering the (re)existences of the subjects, their territorialities and the conceptions required by 21st century society. II) Working-class Education, presented from the origins of the concept and its evolution considering the context of organization of Brazilian society until contemporary times, where social movements appeared as an expression of this education moved from the daily life of the working classes. III) Alternative Pre-University entrance examination, with the context of emergence, objectives, conceptions, challenges and perspectives around the PVA proposal and the process of access to Higher Education in Brazil. IV) The methodological path and object of study, presenting the locus of origin and construction of the research. V) The reciprocities among subjects in the PVA, with analysis of the origins of the teachers and students, and evaluations that they proposed in relation to the PVA. The results pointed to the confirmation of the hypothesis that the PVA is confirmed as a Citizenship Territory considering that the composition of a Territory requires: the ground, the social groups, the material objects, the natural elements and the social, political, economic and cultural aspects sewn from the daily interactions of the geographic space. Thus, the PVA is a Territory, composed of participating teachers and students, which are protagonist subjects, who seek through critical education to politically position themselves in relation to the problems of society. Thus, by contributing to the construction of new social life possibilities of the participants, the PVA is configured as a Territory of Citizenship, that is, it is confirmed as the materialization of Citizenship