Efeito do treinamento de mat pilates na composição corporal e respostas hemodinâmicas em mulheres na pós menopausa

Abstract

Background: Physical exercise can provide reductions in blood pressure (BP) after its execution, with values below resting levels as well as control values of body composition, lipid and glycemic profile. The Pilates method has been highly sought after by postmenopausal women and the responses of this method to hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women are uncertain. Aim: To verify the chronic effect of Mat Pilates training on body composition and hemodynamic responses in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women. Material and methods: 47 postmenopausal women between the ages of 50 and 70 participated in the study (24 normotensive women and 23 hypertensive women - continuous antihypertensive use). All volunteers participated during 12 weeks of Mat Pilates training and underwent tests before and after intervention such as resting blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and blood pressure variability (BPV). Heart rate was also monitored and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis performed by cardiac monitor values. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance, and blood samples were collected for lipid, glucose and uric acid levels. Flexural test and trunk strength of isometric contraction in flexion and extension were also measured before and after intervention. Two-Way ANOVA was used to compare groups, time and their interaction. Results: There were reductions in systolic resting pressure (NT: Δ -8 ± 7, HT: Δ -7 ± 8, p <0.01), diastolic (NT: Δ -7 ± 8, HT: Δ -4 ± 7; p <0.01) and mean arterial pressure (NT: Δ -7 ± 7, HT: Δ -5 ± 7; p <0.01) after training in both groups. A MAP in sleep time in systolic blood pressure (NT: Δ -1,14 ± 8,86, HT: Δ -1,14 ± 10,69, p = 0,05), diastolic (NT: Δ -0, 93 ± 6.34, HT: Δ 0.43 ± 7.72, p = 0.05) and mean (NT: Δ -1.57 ± 8.85, HT: Δ 0.88 ± 8.94; = 0.01) was different between groups being higher in hypertensive patients. In the VPA there was an increase in the SDdn indices in systolic blood pressure (NT: Δ 0.4 ± 4.0, HT: Δ 2.3 ± 3.9, p = 0.02), diastolic (NT: Δ0, (Mean ± SD) and mean arterial (NT: Δ 0.5 ± 3.0, HT: Δ 1.8 ± 3.4; = 0.01) in relation to time and in ARV in diastolic (NT: Δ 3.1 ± 9.6, HT: Δ 1.1 ± 2.1, p = 0.03) and mean (NT: Δ 3 , HT (Δ 0.8 ± 1.8, p = 0.05), both increases were observed in both groups as well as the increase in HRV in the pNN50 index (NT: Δ 1.6 ± 5.6, HT: Δ 2.0 ± 6.2, p = 0.04) after training in both groups. There were no changes in body composition over time or between groups, but waist circumference decreased (NT: Δ -2.48 ± 7.09; HT: Δ -0.26 ± 4.77, p <0.01 ) after training in both groups. Serum levels of lipids and glucose were also not different, but uric acid increased (NT: Δ 0.54 ± 0.14, HT: Δ 0.54 ± 0.20, p <0.01) and hemoglobin HbA1c decreases (NT: Δ -0.28 ± 0.11, HT: Δ -0.47 ± 0.10, p <0.01) in both groups, with no difference between them. In addition, the isometric strength of trunk flexion (NT: Δ 4.76 ± 4.63, HT: Δ 5.87 ± 5.14, p <0.01) and flexibility (NT: Δ 4.19 ± 4 , 33; HT: Δ 2.98 ± 4.79, p <0.01) increased in both groups, with no difference between them. Conclusion: 12-week training program in Mat Pilates reduces blood pressure at rest and increases blood pressure variability and heart rate variability in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women. In addition, this training improves abdominal circumference, HbA1c, isometric strength of trunk flexion and flexibility in postmenopausal hypertensive and normotensive women without changes in lipid and glucose levels and lean and fat mass of these volunteers.