Dimensionamento hidráulico de uma estação de tratamento de água de Ciclo Completo com sistemas de mistura rápida e floculação constituídos de trechos de canalizações em conduto forçado

Abstract

Water treatment technologies comprise two main groups: those that use chemical coagulation and those that do not use chemical coagulation, defined according to the quality characteristics of the raw water to be treated. Of the technologies that use chemical coagulation, we highlight the Full Cycle treatment, composed basically of the Fast Mix, Flocculation, Decantation and Filtration units, composing the clarification stage, and the Disinfection unit, which also promotes Fluoridation and pH Correction. In the present work we intend to propose design elements and dimension the component units of a Full Cycle Water Treatment Station (ETA), for the design flow rate of 50 L/s, using raw water, with surface water, with characteristics compatible with the proposed treatment technology. From the ETA design proposed in this work are the use of hydraulic Fast Mixing and Hydraulic Flocculation systems, which are alternative to those usually used, and the most up-to-date design Filtration system, using a filtered water collection system consisting of seated crepins (nozzles) directly on the bottom slab, without the need for false bottom slab for its support. From the analysis of the results obtained in the design, it is concluded that the proposed ETA is able to generate potable water, with efficient alternatives and low cost, resulting in a project that can be used in hydraulic projects that aim at the construction, remodeling or expansion of Full Cycle water treatment plants for small communities. Keywords: water treatment plant, coagulation, flocculation, decantation, filtration, disinfection.