Estudo fitoquímico e atividades biológicas da espécie Banisteriopsis campestris (A. Juss.) Little

Abstract

In this work, the phytochemical study and biological activity of the species Banisteriopsis campestris, which is endemic in Brazil with geographic distribution in the Caatinga and Cerrado Biomes, was carried out. The present work evaluated the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antileishmanial, cytotoxic and inhibitory activi-ties against α-amylase and α-glycosidase, and glycation of the essential oils, extracts and plant part partitions, also characterizing and/or determining the structure of the chemical constituents present in the partitions and essential oils. For the development of the work, ethanolic extracts of the leaves, stems and roots were prepared, which were partitioned with solvents of increasing polarity, generating the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol partitions and a residual partition called methanol/water. All extracts and partitions were submitted to phytochemical prospecting, determination of total phenol contents, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, antioxidant activity by DPPH and ORAC methods, α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibition assay and glycation and evaluation of antimicrobial and antifungal activities, also the identification of the constituents present in the most active partitions by HPLC/MS. The essential oils from flowers, leaves, stems and roots were extracted by hydrodistillation and identified by GC/MS and the assays of antimicrobial, antifungal, antileishmanial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were performed. Terpenes, flavonoids and phenolic compounds were identified by phytochemical prospection in extracts and partitions. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol partitions exhibited the best results for antioxidant and inhibitory activity for α-amylase and α-glycosidase. The ethyl acetate partition of leaves, stem and root were analyzed by HPLC/EM, and compounds as organic acids, flavonoids and procyanidins of type B1, B2 and C3, were identified in their compositions. The hexane stem partition had excellent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, with MIC values below 50 μ/ mL against the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinomyces naeslundii. In the essential oils, the main compounds identified in root and stem were fatty acids; in the leaves, besides these fatty acids, alpha terpineol, phytol and squalene, were identified as main compounds. The flower essential oil contains about of 9% monoterpenes, 14.5% sesquiterpenes, standing out, alpha-terpineol and (E)-nerolidol. The essential oils presented antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania amazonensis, and stem and root oils showed low cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines. The oils also inhibited the growth of all oral bacteria tested, with the root oil standing out with potent antibacterial activity with inhibition for all bacteria species with MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 100 μg/ mL. The stem and root oils were the ones that exhibited the best antioxidant activity results. The oil samples from the roots and stem showed an inhibition for glycation above 50%, standing out the stem with a percentage of 79.11%.