Uma crítica à psicologia científica: da fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl às ideias de Farias Brito no Brasil

Abstract

Psychology, as a study on the soul, is millenarian. However, after the cartesian method, in its eagerness to become science, psychology separated from philosophy and developed during the effervescence of the scientific-experimental method. The transposition of this method to psychology has demonstrated several epistemological problems. The psychology that previously probed the mysteries and complexity of the human soul began to focus on the measurement of consciousness and external experiences. The present article intends to highlight criticisms to scientific psychology presented by Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology and Farias Brito’s transcendent psychology. In order to accomplish this goal, this research was based on the phenomenological philosophy and Brito’s philosophy, following the methodological procedures of the bibliographical research. The texts selected were The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: an Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy and Inner World. Many convergences between Husserl’s and Brito’s thinking were found regarding the perspective of the human soul. Both denounced the misconception of the direct transposition of the positive method to psychology, since the access to essences, the study of totality, and the answers to the essential human issues became impossible. Husserl and Brito present methods for a new psychology: the phenomenological method and the introspective method, respectively.