Os colégios polivalentes na ditadura civil-militar como modelo de educação: estudo sobre a Escola Estadual "Antônio Souza Martins" de Ituiutaba-MG (1974-1983)

Abstract

The importance in investigating historical processes, is understood as a driving principle and enabler of new perspectives on the structures of our society today, when you look at the economic, political and social models based on social relations in remote settings. In this sense, the proposal of this research paper, is the story of the State school "Antonio Souza Martins"-Polivalente, in the city of Ituiutaba-MG, in the period between 1974 to 1983, the starting point was the context of its creation, legal civil-military dictatorship, this being one of the main factors for the implementation of this type of school around the country. Multipurpose schools appeared in the moment of dissemination of pedagogical technical aspect, which was constituted on the basis of agreements between Brazil and the United States, by means of actions between the MEC and the USAID (Ministério da Educação e Cultura/ United States Agency of International Development). With this in mind some questions arose such as: what model of education was thought to these schools? What are the conditions of creation of Multipurpose School in this town? Who were the social actors involved in this institution and that social class bound? What was prescribed in their statutes and what was practiced in the everyday life of the people of this institution? To this end, the work aimed to reflections of historical processes arising from the temporal, those events that have left deep scars in our society, in the lives of the actors who participated in the experiences in the school space investigated, in appreciation of the institution's identity, as provider of education understood in "quality" for the season. We also stress the importance of the subject in the field of history of education of our country and of the region, since very little is written about the multipurpose schools, and, in particular, in the Triângulo Mineiro. Methodologically was by literature review on the topic, the documentary and iconographic research and also by the use of interviews with former directors, students, teachers and staff who had participated in the experience gained in the educational institution mentioned. It was concluded that the Polivalente School was implanted before the moment of development and economic industrial growth of the municipality. The expectation of the installation of the School was glimpsed by means of communication such as the local press and radio. At the head of the school management was the director with Freirean conception and formation of Education, which sought to carry out actions aimed at a humanistic formation for the purpose of a community school; the school received students from different social classes. Through the reports of the actors, we realized that the training offered concurrently with regular and vocational education was not limited to promoting training aimed at meeting the need of specialized labor for the industry, one of the intentions of this model of school implemented in the country, but carried out teaching practices that contributed to the continuity of the studies of a good part of the alumni of this institution.