Qualidade do solo em local de disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos em um município de pequeno porte

Abstract

In Brazil, 42% of solid wastes are improperly disposed, causing adverse environmental impacts. In view of this situation, the present work had as objective to analyze if an unlined landfill in small municipality can cause alteration in the quality of the soil of its surroundings. The unlined landfill of the municipalities of Tupaciguara / MG was used as the study object. For this purpose, the site was initially characterized and classified according to the conditions (adequate or inadequate) using the Residual Landfill Quality Index (IQR) proposed by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (Cetesb), and then characterized for the physical parameters - Chemicals: granulometry, pH, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and potentially toxic elements (Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). Samples were collected inside the final disposal site, in two surrounding agricultural areas and a nearby native vegetation area. Samplings occurred in February, July, and November 2017. Inorganic extraction was performed according to USEPA 3050B for determination of element concentrations by plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed that the landfill was classified as "inadequate". In relation to the concentration of the elements studied in the soil, the unlined landfill changes the quality of the soil, since the elements lead, copper and zinc exceeded the reference value of quality imposed by the legislation. In addition, high concentrations were found for the lithium, manganese and magnesium elements compared to the native vegetation area, which highlights the importance of solid waste management actions generated in the municipality.