A importância da memória soviética na construção da política externa russa do governo Vladimir Putin: uma análise da Crise da Crimeia

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze Russia’s foreign policy by the government of Vladimir Putin, in the period after the Soviet Union's dissolution, through the reproduction of Soviet standards. These Soviet patterns are represented by the movements of Russia in the region and by the Soviet memory explained in the foregoing through a perspective of annexation, territorial unity and identity. Through a hypothetical-deductive approach and historical procedure, the study is developed to examine processes and events prior to the moment in question - such as the Soviet Union's foreign policy regarding integration, identity, and dissolution Soviet bloc, for example - seeking to validate the degrees of influence of these historical facts for present-day Russian society. About that, regarding the collection procedures, a case study will be developed with regard to the process of annexation of Crimea into Russian territory. Some of the theories that will be examined in this point are: the constructivist theory and the construction of identity; security theory of the Copenhagen School and its derivations; the Classical Theory of Security Complex and, therefore, the reverberation that results in the Complexes of Security and Regional Complexes of Security; among others. After the theoretical framework is explained, the approach will be in relation to the historical question that permeates the study. Thus, there will be a simplistic revival of the imperial history of the Soviet Union and the early years of the Russian Federation; and the political leadership trajectory of Vladimir Putin. Finally, with theories and historical research already exposed, the last moment of this study before the conclusion is the analysis of Crimea's case in 2014. It will be analyzed how the Soviet memory can influence the processes of securitization of Russian foreign policy, from the perspective of the annexation of the Crimea. Thus, the argument that Vladimir Putin's leadership as well as the politics of memory are fateful points for the development and argumentation of the actions promoted by the Russian Federation in its foreign policy is gradually reaffirmed.