Análise de processo em caldeiras da indústria sucroenergética

Abstract

This work has studied the technical characteristics of boilers and energy cogeneration systems in light of the environmental aspects, control systems and safety analysis applied in the sugar-energy industry. This thematic clipping has showed the Brazilian energy and environmental panorama with the setting of sugarcane bagasse as an industrial residue with a high potential for cogeneration and the production of second generation bioethanol. The process of commercialization of electric energy in the sector was examined by the sale of its surplus production in the Regulated Contracting Environment and Free Contracting Environment. In accordance with the safety criterion, the control of the vapor pressure and upper steam drum level, both considered the most important controlled variables of the boiler, were investigated. Following, safety standards in combustion systems and guidelines for loss prevention analysis were presented, highlighting the HAZOP method. Finally, to consolidate the proposed study, a generic scenario of cogeneration was defined in a sugar-energy industry to carry out a case study, implementing the HAZOP methodology, but inspired by the SHARD approach as a previous individual analysis to be sent to the reviewers. By the evaluation of study nodes 1 (Feed water), 2 (Water tube boiler), 3 (Combustion air) and 4 (Solid fuel) of the selected process, it was verified that, in order to settle failure by corrosion, suppress or restrict failures of control systems and eliminate potential sources of air pollution, among other hazard events, prevention must be the confluent bulwark of the actions and safeguards required in agreement with the procedures of NR-13.