Territórios de vulnerabilidade social: construção metodológica e aplicação em Uberlândia-MG

Abstract

This study seeks to understand the theme of Social Vulnerability, its factors, and the dynamics of this on urban populations. To this end, bibliographic research was carried out on the subject, in various databases such as BIREME, LILACS, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SCIELO, CAPES periodicals. From this, it proposed a new dimension score for the Social Vulnerability, classifying them into Vulnerability of Population and place of vulnerability. This classification proposed by this best work covers the particularities of the National Social Assistance Policy - PNAS, and therefore assists the work of social assistance surveillance in the territories. Seeking to assist the work of the surveillance was developed Social Vulnerability identification methodology, using data from the IBGE 2010 Census. Several manipulations of the data were carried out, finally arriving at the index that we now call the Brazilian Index of Social Vulnerability - BISV. Applying the IBVS to the city of Uberlândia were found the territories of greater Social Vulnerability, as well as where their dimensions Vulnerability of the Population and of the Place presented of more intense form. It was identified that about 13.7% of the census tracts in the city of Uberlândia are in a position to High or Very High Vulnerability population. In contrast, the results found Place Vulnerability situation are only 3% of the census tracts with high or most high. From the intersection of the maps of vulnerability of the population and vulnerability of the place, was found that 7.88% of the census tracts of the city in situation of High or Highly Vulnerable Social in the city of Uberlândia. From the IBVS results for the city of Uberlândia was conducted Spearman correlation test with data from Bolsa Familia Program, finding a correlation of 80.62% considered strong, demonstrating the close relationship between Social Vulnerability and social cash transfer programs thus proving the applicability of the Brazilian Social Vulnerability Index - BSVI. The main conclusion of this study is that Social Vulnerability is a reality in Brazilian cities, its vulnerable territories must be identified in order to produce a participatory and intersectoral management to overcome this social issue.