Uma proposta de ensino de acústica a partir da análise dos timbres de instrumentos musicais do samba

Abstract

Teaching approaches that take into account the Law 10.639/03 seem to be suitable with reality of High School Physics teachers. In this work, we proposed an educational video that attend requirements of this law in a contextualized and interdisciplinary approach, to teach timbre to High School students and also Physics teachers in training. We adopt the Science, Technology and Society (STS) thematic approach for teaching acoustic and waves. We have started by performing a Fourier series mathematical modelling of the timbres (specially sums of sine functions) of some musical instruments used in Samba, such as acoustic guitar, cavaquinho, tambourine, hand shake and cuíca. In order to valuate essential information, it was performed a historical and epistemological study of the concept of function, culminating in an ethnomathematical approach of fractals based on Eglash (1999). We present two sets of results: one is related to the mathematical modelling of sound signals fitted with MatLab® software and the other one is the answers given by High School teachers to a questionnaire sent by Google Forms after to regard the education video. The data reveal a need for teachers' in service formation focusing on the content of Law 10.639/03, the STS approach and transverse topics.