Impacto da retinopatia da prematuridade nas alterações oftalmológicas tardias em recém-nascidos pré-termos de muito baixo peso

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular changes in preterm with very low birth weight, at two years of chronological age and compare them between the groups with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: A cross-sectional study including all children born in a university hospital in the period from November 2009 to June 2011, with gestational age (GA) <34 weeks and birth weight <1500 g, evaluated to two years of age. Were excluded: twins, neonatal deaths and children who did not attend the follow-up consultations. Was performed a descriptive and comparative analysis for both groups by the Mann Whitney test and x²; odds ratio of ophthalmologic abnormalities between the two groups through SPSS 20.0 and Bioestat 5.2 software. Results: Were evaluated 82 children, of which 29 (35.3%) had a ROP diagnosis. Among the statistically significant risk factors following stand out the GA (p = 0.005), birth weight (p = 0.000), length of hospital stay (p = 0.000), use and type of oxygen administration (p = 0.016), blood transfusions (p = 0.000 ) Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE) (p = 0.000), bronchodysplasia (p = 0.000), periintraventricular hemorrhage (p = 0.003). Most ROP (51.7%) were classified as stage II. The diagnosis of ROP was associated with 4.3 times more likely to develop strabismus at two years of age. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that ROP increases the risk of ocular changes in preterm very low birth weight, especially the development of strabismus.