Características micro e macrogeométricas de implantes dentais e sua deformação no processo de instalação cirúrgica

Abstract

Primary stability and the type of surface roughness have a strong influence on the dental implants osseointegration. During implant placement, damage on the prosthetic connection and implant surface may occur. Due to the deformations in this portion of the implants, this work analyzed the effects of implant insertion into bone on the surface roughness parameters for the same surface treatment applied by the same manufacturer to implants with different macro-designs and evaluated the levels of deformation in external hexagon (EH) connections subjected to internal toque. For the surface analysis, three groups of titanium implants with different macro-designs were investigated using laser interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. Relevant surface roughness parameters were calculated for different regions of each implant before (B) and after (A) insertion into pork ribs. For the deformation of EH connections, two types of implants (S and N) were used and internal torque were applied. The internal distance (ID), internal area (IA) and external area (EA) of the EH were obtained. The tops of the threads of all B implants had very similar roughness parameters, independent of the geometry of the implant, after bone insertion, this was the region that presented significant alterations. In contrast, the flanks and valleys of the threads presented larger irregularities (Sa) with higher slopes (Sdq) on all B implants, particularly for implants with threads with smaller heights. Levels of EH deformation were greater in the S group as compared with the N group. This preliminary study demonstrated surface damage of the implants after the installation process by the changes observed on roughness parameters, which were affected by the macrogeometry. The EH may be affected by different internal torque levels.