Caracterização temporal das áreas úmidas e de preservação permanente da porção de alto e médio curso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Uberabinha MG com a aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento

Abstract

The enormous changes that have occurred over the past fifty years, with regard to the environment, intangible triggered the needed to develop studies that increase the understanding of territorial dynamics, primarily environmental, which envision a less aggressive management of natural resources. Within this perspective, the anthropogenic activities promoted in this period, an expansion with the use and occupation of land before reaching inhospitable places, as evidenced in numerous areas of Brazilian savannah. This strong growth, coupled with public policies without due notice, provided the breakthrough not only in non-productive as well as in wetlands, so important to the environmental balance. Areas that now have the most efficient support of environmental legislation from the 1960s, such as wetlands and areas of permanent preservation are among the places that deserve protection at the expense of indiscriminate suppression and distortion, even against that required by law. This study aimed to perform a temporal characterization of wetlands and permanent preservation in the Uberabinha river basin in portions of upper and middle course. For this purpose, we used photographs areas of 1964 and 2009 satellite images that allowed a temporal comparison of these areas as well as characterizing the state of occupation of areas of interest in this portion of the basin. The aerial photographs allowed the observation that the occupation of the land at that time consisted mainly of savannah and areas for livestock farming. Context completely different from the ones working in the images of 2009. geoprocess techniques that include areas such as digital image processing, remote sensing, geographic information systems and digital mapping, served as very important tools that helped in the analysis of information effectively. Results showed that attitudes need to be taken against the continuous removal of wetlands, since this practice can trigger serious problems in public water supply for the city of Uberlândia, MG State. The largest impacts are associated with agricultural activities, especially agriculture.