Proposta metodológica de avaliação dos padrões e de conservação da conectividade dos habitats na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguari em Minas Gerais

Abstract

The operating practices of natural Cerrado resources were intensive and degraded the ecosystem due to the fragmentation of natural habitats process because it changes the continuity of native vegetation areas, causing changes in the structure and composition of the same and thus cause the loss of biodiversity. Arises landscape ecology that unlike ecosystem ecology that seeks to understand and explain the vertical relationship of biota with their environment, ie the synergy between the various trophic levels of the same community, seeks to understand the horizontal relations of biota with the environment , i.e. the interaction between different communities distributed throughout the space. From the need to advance the studies on the regional scale fragmented habitats landscape, this study aimed to evaluate the spatial patterns of fragmented landscape by the research method proposed by the Landscape Ecology and contribute methodologically to connectivity conservation management for habitats Basin of Araguari River, located in the middle region of Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba, Minas Gerais, through the proposition of ecological corridors. The ecosystem research of the interaction processes between headquarters and forest fragments allowed to ride the conceptual and mathematical structures that enabled spatial modeling and the development of studies covers an area of 22,146.23 square kilometers. For the mapping of native vegetation in 2014, the images are the OLI / Landsat 8 sensor has a spatial resolution of 30 meters. As a result, the study area has 149,521 units of forest fragments of native vegetation. From this the quality of these habitats was evaluated through metrics Landscape Ecology concerning the shape, size, edge density, the edge length and central area. Mathematical models were adopted to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape in order to identify areas probalísticas of individuals to a species X having dispersion power of up to 3.6 km across the spatial scale. It diagnosed that the downstream portion of the river Araguari spring presents considerable percolation both from east to west, the lengthwise (index ≥. Pc). In the central portion of the study area it is recommended to build connectivity structures to provide percolation in north-south direction (index ≤. Pc). In addition to the habitats percolation model was evaluated the matrix permeability of the condition of this genre, it was realized that the dispersion of possibilities taking into account the shortest distance present difficulties imposed by the matrix, since, 4363.1 km of potential routes dispersion for this species are located in areas of pastures and 873.419 km in agricultural areas. Another threat to the Cerrado fauna is the road network which carries varying effects on habitats and the trampling of wildlife. It is understood that the roads may have degrees distinct susceptibility to the danger of being hit for wildlife. This review took into account the spatial organization of fragments of native vegetation and the close relationship of the same towards the roads. The River Basin Araguari has 1774 km of road network. 22 sites were suggested with high need, 7 locations with moderate needs and 6 places with low requirements for the implementation of safe passage for wildlife. After identifying the gaps habitats in the study area was proposed a methodology for priority choice for conservation / restoration of habitats and proposed network (network) ecological corridors for the River Basin Araguari.