Luta, territorialização e resistência camponesa no leste rondoniense (1970-2010)

Abstract

The process of Brazilian territorial formation can be told, in a large proportion, by the dominium of small elite that was kept in power. This dominium has had its roots and bases in the landowner control on the country land. In the same context, was formed the Brazilian peasant, having as main characteristic its land exclusion. And for this, they had been constantly in struggle to have access to the work land. They have lived, however, in a historical movement of territory construction, deconstruction and reconstruction. Thus, the Brazilian peasant was pushed to agricultural frontier areas, where, because of their resistance struggle had access to land. From the 1970 s on, the Rondonia State became privileged space of the agricultural frontier advance, which led to a migratory process of thousands of excluded peasants in other regions of the country. This process resulted in a violent way of the state land occupation, constituting a mass of landless who still struggle to consolidate their peasant way of life. In this context, this paper aimed to understand the agricultural colonization process, the struggle for land and the peasant territory construction in the Rural Settlement Projects of the East Geographical Region of Rondônia State, between 1970 and 2010. Specifically, the proposed aims were the following: analyze the amplitude of the peasant matter in Brazilian territory, having as focus, its rootless process of constitution in a constant search for land, as well as the consequences of this process for its territory construction in Rondonia State; understand the process of Rondonia State formation of agrarian landscape from the context of the frontier and the agricultural colonization taken place during the military period, between 1970 and 1985; identify and characterize the ways of struggling for land in Rondonia State and in the East Geographical Region of Rondonia State, in the period post 1985, emphasizing the process of formation and territory construction of the Landless Rural workers Movement. In order to attend to these aims, we established a methodological procedure which had as generator principle the participatory research. We have made semistructured interviews, interviews with key-informants and interviews of oral history. For beyond the interviews, we have made the survey of large quantity of secondary information that had also been important for the development of the work. As a result, we were able to understand the historical constitution of the peasant producers in the Rondonia and the reflections of this process in the current agricultural organization in the state. Since the middle of the 1980 s, territories of peasant resistance have been set up in the state of Rondonia. These territories are the result of an organizing process in the struggle for land that had in the Landless Rural workers Movement its director, and in the thousands of landless peasants the strength class required for its formation. We hope that this work can contribute with the analysis of the struggle for land and the peasant territory construction in this state, as well as support the rural families in their constant struggle to maintain their way of life.