As políticas públicas, a modernização dos cerrados e o complexo soja no sul goiano: 1970-2005.

Abstract

The thesis is centered in the analysis of the modernization of the agriculture in the State of Goiás, starting from the public politics guided to the agricultural development in the decade of 70 s. To understand the formulation and improvement of these incentive politics, the research looked for to analyze the dynamics of the soy complex, with emphasis in the mesoregian of the South of Goiás State. The bases of that politics were the financing funds, in indiscriminate beginning for every agroindustry and, later, with the tax crisis of the State, specific for each segment. The agroindustries that act in the area, although hexogen in its majority and strongly linked to the global space logic, find in the lands in the South of Goiás State a favorable space to develop, establishing new nets of productive relationships, as, for example, its interrelations with the chains grain-flours-oils and grain-fodder-meat. It was also looked for the understanding of the paper of the producers of soy, divided in two categories; the businessman producer/a strong producer who uses high technology level and salaried labor, even though permanent or temporary; and the small and medium producers that use less technology and they present larger agricultural diversification. The public investments affected in a differentiated way the mesoregian with reflexes in its indicators of social and economic development generated by the exclude modernization. The main socio-space changes of the area got reflexes in the relationships agriculture-industry: as the formation of technical labor for the field and cities; the increase of the flock of birds and swine; the appearance of associations of producers; the invigoration of the culture of the industrial work; the appearance of new neighborhoods in the peripheries of the cities; the installation of new industries; the increment of the trade and local services; the creation/elimination of work positions, among others. As result, the favored ones in this process were the same ones who benefited with the modernization and introduction of the culture of grains in great scale and depriving, above all, the small rural production.