Mensalão e Crise Política: a constituição do sujeito nas inscrições enunciativas da Revista Veja ao significarem o Partido dos Trabalhadores

Abstract

This research has as objective to analyze the discursive subject and how it is constituted in the enunciative inscriptions of Veja Magazine when it means the Brazilian Labor Party (PT). In its realization we selected the theoretical construction of the French Discourse Analysis making use of the notions of subject, meaning, history, heterogeneities, memory, micro-powers, and intericonicity in Pêcheux ([1975] 1988; [1969] 1990; [1983] 2002; [1981] 2009), Courtine ([1990] 1999; 2003; 2005; 2006; [1981] 2009), Foucault ([1969] 1992; [1969] 1995; [1971] 1996; [1979] 2007; [1982] 1994) and Authier-Revuz ([1983] 1990; [1982] 2004). We used as theoretical basis which sustained these analyses the notion of identity proposed by the contemporary cultural studies, which supports the notion of discursive subject. Apart from that, and also constitutive of our theoretical basis, we approached the notion of political discourse focusing on the perspective used in this research. Our general aim was to demonstrate, through the regularities of language, the emergence of subjects established in these discourses as well as the effects of meaning produced by the enunciative inscriptions in the magazine. The constitution of the corpus was made through cuttings of verbal and non-verbal elements of articles published between the years of 2005 and 2007, period of the biggest crisis of the big monthly allowance , and seven articles were selected on the whole. In this way, the analyses through cuttings (Orlandi, 1989) of the enunciations (Foucault, [1969] 1995) made it possible for us to verify and explicit which voices echoed in the discourse of the subject and, thus, point at the positions occupied by these enunciators. The intrinsic strategies of power to these discourses were revealed in the specific characterization and illegitimacy of the other in the verbal and also in the non-verbal plan. In the verbal plan, the activation of antagonistic memories about the political party and the reiteration of discourses, established in contrary positions to that of the government, as a strategy of confirmation of this position and affront of its referent. Or, when favorable voices are echoed in these discourses, these emerge just for, in a certain moment, be disproved and reconfigured by the subject. As far as the relation between the verbal and the non-verbal is concerned, we observed the captions as a conductor of the meaning of the images, aggregating to the non-verbal, restricting or enhancing its polysemy. In the non-verbal plan, we verified some regularities in the production of images made possible by the new technological softwares, as the creation, tampering with the scenes or collage, creating new places and, permitting, then, validate what is enounced in the verbal plan. In times when everything is possible in the image field, this non-verbal production is a kind of postmark or reinforcement of what is materialized in the verbal plan. In times of infinity possibilities in the image field, this non-verbal production is a kind of assurance to what is materialized in the verbal. Thus, we verified, in the analytical work, the importance of aggregating all constitutive elements of the article like, for instance, the cover (layout, diagram, forms, colors, the verbal) with the subject inside the magazine. Then, the analysis undertaken in this research, allow us to assert that the resistance occurs not only in relation to the re-election and post-scandal continuity of the political party, but mark its disapproval since its creation. Additionally, in times of political spectacularization, the enunciator makes use of irony and mockery as ways of disqualification and illegitimacy of its referent. These techniques, which go through these discourses, mark its position and confirm our hypotheses.