Análise biomecânica de implantes odontológicos

Abstract

It was objectified in this dissertation to analyze the distribution of the stress and displacements in the bone-implant interface, using the finite element method. The implants had been analyzed in two distinct situations: put directly in the two bone layers, cortical and trabecular, simulating the situation of immediate load, previous to osseointegration, and with the implants involved by a denser bone layer simulating the occurrence of the osseointegration. The geometry of the bone layers was obtained by means of computerized cat scan and the format of the implants and the prosthetic components had been supplied by the Neodent (Curitiba, Brazil). The variables analysed had been: geometry of the implants (cylindrical and taper), abutment (internal hexagon and morse taper) and the positioning of the implants in relation to the alveolar bone boards (buccaly and palatine). With this, 16 groups of analysis were formed, for which bidimensional models of the alveolus of extration of an upper central incisor had been constructed, simultaneously with the geometry of the implants, for the numerical simulation. The results of bigger relevance had been: the Von Mises stresses, principal stress (maximum and minimum) and the shear stresses, as well as the relative displacements presented by the bone-implant structure. Through the analyses, one concluded that different implant geometries adjust themselves better to each situation (immediate load and osseointegrated implant), and that the Titamax CM implant, of cylindrical format with prosthetic connection, morse taper, in palatine position was the one that best adapted itself. The found values can lead to a better understanding of the biomechanics around the implants. Despite of being a preliminary study, the work supplies subsidies for the accomplishment of future researches, since the methodology used can be applied in a variety of similar cases found in the Implantology.