Identificação da força de atrito através de análise de sinais não lineares em ensaios tribológicos

Abstract

When the surfaces of two elastic bodies present relative motions under certain amount of contact pressure the mechanical system can be instable. Experiments conducted on elastic bodies under friction forces shown that the dynamical system is self-excited by the non-linear behavior of frictional forces. The main objectives of this thesis are the study of the pressure and stress fields, due to mechanical contact, and the estimation of friction using the vibrations signals measured on a reciprocating wear testing machine using non-linear signal analysis formulation. The finite element methodology is detailed presented to solve stress fields in contact problems. A two input and one output MISO model is proposed to represent the non-linear system dynamics. The global output is the sum of two outputs produced by one linear path associated in parallel with a non-linear path. This last path has a non-linear model that represents the friction force and another linear transfer function connected in series. Since the linear path is identified by traditional signal analysis, the non-linear function can be evaluated by the global input/output relationships, and can be correlated to wear conditions of the contact surfaces. Validation tests are conducted in a tribological system composed by a sphere in contact with a prismatic body witch has an imposed harmonic motion. The global output force is simultaneously measured by piezoresistive and piezoelectric load cells. The sphere and prismatic body vibrations are measured by accelerometers and by a laser Doppler vibrometer. All signals are digitalized with the same time base and the data is transferred to a microcomputer. The non-linear signal analysis technique uses this data to identify the friction force. The estimated friction force and the stress fields are compared to surfaces of bodies after tribological tests to show the efficiency of proposed methodology.