Trabalho e educação: a formação profissional tecnológica e a empregabilidade

Abstract

This study was part of the research interests Work, Society and Education articulated to the study group Work, Education and Human Formation of the Undergraduate Program in Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and aims to discuss the political and educational conjuncture of government policies directed to the world of work and education, focusing on professional technologic formation on higher education. By the increasingly market demand for skilled and unique workers, as well as the social demand for higher education, the higher education system created short courses (Technological Degree). Then, to know the occupational reality of egresses on those technological courses, this research had as reference for analyzing the vocational training program at Federal Institute of Technological Education (Instituto Federal de Ensino Tecnológico IFET) in Uberaba-MG, located in Triângulo Mineiro region. The General Objective of this research was to analyze the connection between the formation of graduated workers on technological courses and their insertion in the job market, referring to the Technological Degree in Analysis and Systems Development, offered by IFET/Uberaba-MG, and the real demand (or economic vocation) of skilled workers in the job market for the courses offered in that institution. To support this analysis, it was observed the actual and potential Local Productive Arrangements (Arranjos Produtivos Locais APLs) in the city, about its economic logic, and the productive (local) and economic (regional) vocation, which operates in various sectors based on natural resources and the ability to scientific and technological development and professional formation. By those considerations, it was sought to examine the guidelines and concepts of technological education for the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology and based on the analysis of documents, it was seized the historical and political aspects, laws and decrees, the nowadays scenario of Brazilian education, the expansion projects and the job market, to check how the changes imposed by capital influence the elaboration of professional and educational legislation. By the way, it was sought to brood over the professional qualification policy implemented in Brazil as an effective tool to improve the conditions of participation in the job market, concerning the egresses of technological courses. It was noticed that young Brazilians, even belonging to the more schooled group on Brazilian society are those who are mostly inserted in the relationship forms of precarious job and employment. It was also noted that Technological Degree have good prospects of egresses participating from job market, regarding the professional formation and if some aspects are observed: the adequacies about the factors on insertion area/immediate needs and, on the other way, the expansion of technical and technological areas and submission of professionals to lower wages, comparing to the salary of other Bachelors categories in the respective areas.