História da educação de adolescentes e adultos : as campanhas e as instituições de ensino noturnas de Uberlândia-MG (1947 1963)

Abstract

The theme of this research is the history of the education of teenagers and adults in the city of Uberlândia, Brazil. The analysis starts in 1947, when the first campaign to educate teenagers and adults was launched in the country and coming to an end in 1963 (Educação de Adolescentes e Adultos). The goals of this research were: to comprehend the characteristics of the literacy campaigns as initiatives of Educação de Adolescentes e Adultos in Uberlândia; to map and examine the night institutions of primary education from the campaign; and finally, to depict and analyze the individuals participating in the campaign, with emphasis on the discussion of illiterate s image and the profile of the students from night schools. Besides the literature search, the following documents were analyzed: minutes from meetings at the night schools, registration records, attendance records from the students, clock in records from the teachers and local newspapers (Correio of Uberlândia and O Reporter) that ran at the time of research. All documents were analyzed at the public archives of Uberlândia (Arquivo Público de Uberlândia). Historically, the Educação de Adolescentes e Adultos campaign got some attention in Brazil when the results from the census of 1940 pointed out that 55% of the population above 18 years old was illiterate. From this point on, governmental literacy campaigns started (Campanhas de Alfabetização) and their goal was to eradicate illiteracy from the country. The first literacy campaign benefiting teenagers and adults (Campanha de Educação de Adolescentes e Adultos or CEAA) was launched in 1947, and it obtained measurable results in its first years, however, in the early 50s, it received many critics, leading to its shutting down in 1963 alongside with campaigns previously launched, the national campaign for rural education (Campanha Nacional de Educação Rural or CNER) and the campaign to eradicate illiteracy (Campanha de Erradicacao do Analfabetismo or CNEA).Through the making of the records from the teaching institutions providing night shifts in the city from 1947 to 1963, six institutions were located, five of them were urban and the one was rural. Among the urban schools, it s worth mentioning: Grupo Escolar Felisberto Alves Carrejo, Grupo Noturno Governador Valadares, Grupo Noturno Augusto Cesar, Escola Modelo Governador Valadares and Escola Municipal Padre Jose de Anchieta. And lastly, the rural school Escola Noturna that literates students from the neighborhood of Cerâmica Eldorado in Uberlândia. The city of Uberlândia, which bears the motto order, progress and modernization, helped to implement the campaign only while it that meant portraying a progressive image, contributing to the development of the country, however as soon as the campaign shocked got in the middle of the interests of the elite, it started to get bad critics from the newspapers.