Aplicabilidade e eficiência dos protocolos de emergência no infarto agudo do miocárdio com foco no tempo porta-balão: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, requiring rapid identification and treatment for better clinical outcomes. This Integrative Literature Review (ILR) aimed to evaluate the efficiency of emergency protocols for AMI and the impact of adherence to door-to-balloon time (≤ 90 minutes) on patient prognosis. The methodology followed a descriptive, qualitative approach, with searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, VHL/LILACS, SciELO and ScienceDirect databases, covering publications from the last five years, seven primary studies were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. Data were organized into four thematic categories, impact of protocols on door-to-balloon time, factors interfering with adherence, clinical outcomes associated with compliance or non-compliance with critical timeframes and strategies to improve adherence and applicability of care protocols. Results indicate that adherence to door-to-balloon time ≤ 90 minutes significantly reduces in-hospital mortality and post-AMI complications. It is concluded that standardized care, integration between pre-hospital and hospital teams, and continuing professional education are key determinants for optimizing protocols and improving cardiovascular outcomes.