Perfil pressórico e fatores de risco cardiovascular em pacientes pré cirurgia bariátrica

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a significant public health problem, linked to the development of various cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, particularly systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemias. In this context, bariatric surgery has become established as an effective therapeutic strategy for individuals with severe obesity. Objectives: To analyze the sociodemographic profile and cardiovascular risk factors of patients waiting to undergo bariatric surgery at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HCUFU), with an emphasis on blood pressure and cardiometabolic parameters. Method: This is a documentary, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted through the analysis of electronic medical records of 189 patients from the Amélio Marques Bariatric Outpatient Clinic, preparing to undergo the surgical procedure between the years 2021 and 2025. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0, with the significance level (p-value) set at 0.05 for all variables. Results and Discussion: There was a predominance of females (79.4%), an average age of 49.5 years, and a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle (72.3%), hypertension (75.9%), diabetes mellitus (57.7%), and dyslipidemia (35.4%). Additionally, poor metabolic and blood pressure control was observed in a significant portion of the sample, with average systolic blood pressure of 140.1 mmHg and glycated hemoglobin of 6.4%. Gender analysis showed statistically significant differences, with men having higher body weight, poorer glycemic control, and greater exposure to smoking and alcohol, while women had higher HDL levels and greater use of acetylsalicylic acid. Conclusion: Patients preparing for bariatric surgery have a high burden of cardiometabolic risk factors, requiring continuous and individualized multidisciplinary follow-up. The role of nursing stands out in the early identification of clinical vulnerabilities, health education, and care coordination, helping to reduce perioperative risks and improve long-term clinical outcomes.