A evolução da sociedade alemã do século XIX à atualidade: transformações territoriais, econômicas, políticas e geopolíticas e suas implicações para o ensino de Geografia

Abstract

This article aims to trace the historical trajectory, territory, economy, and geopolitics of Germany from the 19th century, after its unification, to its consolidation as one of the current major global powers. The analysis focuses on three key moments: late 19th/early 20th century Germany and its industrial rise; the interwar period and the geopolitical dynamics that led to Nazism; and post-World War II Germany, divided, rebuilt, and reunified. The work also includes a chapter dedicated exclusively to present-day Germany, with socioeconomic indicators, energetic policies, the educational system, logistics, and the country's problems. In addition to the historical discussion, the article presents a didactic proposal, based on the BNCC (National Common Curricular Base) for high school education, with the aim of articulating the geopolitical content studied with pedagogical practice. The research is based on specialized literature, economic data, maps, graphs, and historical documents, highlighting Germany's role in shaping international politics and its influence on the teaching of Geography.