Fertilizante organofosfatado em associação com MAP na adubação de plantio da cultura do cafeeiro

Abstract

Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer, cultivating primarily the species Coffea arabica (Arábica), over an area exceeding 1.8 million hectares. The coffee plant establishment phase requires careful nutritional management, phosphorus being a fundamental element of initial coffee plant development, and Brazil's dependence on imported phosphates represents a structural vulnerability for the national coffee industry. In this context, the trials evaluated an organophosphate fertilizer (OPF), produced from solid swine farming by-products treated in a biodigester, with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) in different proportions, in coffee planting fertilization. The trial was conducted on farms in the municipalities of Indianópolis and Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, representing irrigated and rainfed cropping environments, respectively, using a randomized complete block design with four replications and five treatments: 100% single superphosphate (SS); 100% MAP; 100% OPF; 95% OPF + 5% MAP; and 90% OPF + 10% MAP. It was evaluated between 30 and 210 days after transplanting the variables plant height, SPAD index, stem diameter, soil and leaf samples. In Indianópolis, the combination of phosphate sources ensured a continuous supply of phosphorus to plants, enhanced nitrogen absorption and reduced the phosphorus fixation in the soil colloids, keeping the nutrient more available. In Rio Paranaíba, the combination of organophosphate with monoammonium phosphate promoted superior early plant growth and maintained superior performance at 210 days, it also increased the SPAD index, while the exclusive treatments resulted in a greater number of leaves. These results reinforce the potential of organophosphate fertilizer as a strategic input for reducing Brazil's dependence on imported phosphates.