Modelagem e controle do conversor Dual Active Bridge (DAB) para aplicação em Sistemas de Armazenamento de Energia (SAEs) utilizando Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)

Abstract

Recent years have proven fertile for research into renewable energy sources and the means to make them feasible. The growing demand for clean energy necessitates the creation and maintenance of new paradigms within the production and consumption of electrical energy. Consequently, new smaller-scale electrical system topologies have emerged, such as microgrids, which are closely linked to distributed power generation. The need for energy storage to ensure uninterrupted system operation has given rise to energy storage system (ESS) strategies, among which battery energy storage systems (BESS) are the most prominent. Therefore, this work presents the development of a 2.5 kW energy storage system capable of maintaining the bus regulated at 400 V during the absence of a primary source. Conversely, in the presence of a primary source, the ESS is capable of charging the battery using distinct stages of constant current at 13 A and constant voltage at 216 V. The bidirectional converter chosen was the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) due to features such as high gain, galvanic isolation, and the possibility of soft switching. The design, modeling, and control were performed using Single Phase Shift (SPS) modulation. The selection of charging and discharging moments is governed by an algorithm that monitors ESS parameters such as input voltage, output voltage, and output current, as well as the battery's State of Charge (SOC). The control algorithms were embedded in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) for verification using the Controller Hardwarein-the-Loop (C-HIL) technique, and the power circuit is simulated in real-time via Typhoon HIL. Control response results are presented for all controllers, along with the results for charging and discharging mode transitions. Full charge and discharge cycles were performed, and their results are also presented, demonstrating the system's full operational capability.