Encerramento de locais de disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos: o contexto brasileiro frente à países desenvolvidos

Abstract

It is known that final disposal of MSW carried out improperly (in Dumps or Controlled Landfills) has a high potential to cause a range of problems ranging from soil, water and air pollution to social and health problems such as contamination with potentially toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic chemical substances. The present work aimed to evaluate and establish an overview of the current situation in Brazil regarding the decision on the need to close inappropriate MSW disposal sites with the existence or not of guidelines for action. Information was sought on the subject in selected developed worldwide countries and at the national level, to analyze existing scenarios and propose possible strategies on the matter. During the study the three stages were covered, the first by the search for information in the international context through legislation, and the second and third the search in the national context, respectively in the federal and state context, through searches in legislation and entities. All searches for documents with information regarding the closure or monitoring of areas with irregular disposal of MSW were carried out at official sites such as official government websites, technical standards and public agencies, and the searches were carried out between June and November 2023. Results of the work show that there is a huge deficiency in Brazil in the mapping of contaminated areas and even more in areas contaminated by inadequate disposal of MSW. Based on the lack of knowledge and statistics on the quantity of contaminated areas, it is a fact and expected that the problem will be aggravated and there will be no solution with pre- established guidelines that would enable effective actions to be taken. As for the states, only 5 of them have some content about guidelines for closing sites with inadequate MSW disposal, such as Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia e São Paulo. In the international context, although the use of landfills as final disposal is passed over, it is still a used solution mainly in the USA and Eastern European countries, however, in these countries there are guidelines and closure targets that are encouraged due to the high adherence of other solutions such as recycling and composting.